Effect of Irrigation with Agricultural Drainage Water on Yield and Quality of Some Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The present investigation included field experiments executed at the experimental farm (Abees region) of the Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt, during both 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of irrigation with agricultural drainage water and/or canal water on yield and quality of four rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.). Five irrigation treatments were practiced as follow; (T1) Irrigation throughout the season using agricultural drainage water, (T2) Irrigation with agricultural drainage water then using canal water in sequence, (T3) Using agricultural drainage water for irrigation till end of the vegetative growth stage and the canal water starting from reproductive stage,(T4) Using canal water at the vegetative growth stage and agricultural drainage water right before panicle initiation, (T5) Irrigation throughout the season with canal water. Four Egyptian rice cultivars namely; Hybrid 1(SK 2034), Sakha 104, Giza 177, Giza 178 were used. Some growth characters, grain yield and its component characters, some yield related characters, and some grain quality characters were subjected to determine the effect of these two variables. The main results showed that, increasing of the dose of canal irrigation water starting from T1 (irrigation throughout the season using agricultural drainage water) and ending by T5 (irrigation throughout the season by canal water) significantly increased the mean values of most of studied characters and maximized by using T5 in 2012 and 2013 seasons. Meantime, the differences between the effect of T5 and T3 (using agricultural drainage water for irrigation at the vegetative growth period and the canal water right before reproductive stage) were not significant in case of most studied characters .The highest grain yields was obtained for Hybrid 1 (5.00 t/fed. ) .rice cultivars while; Giza 177 rice cultivar produced the lowest grain yield (3.18 t/fed.) during both seasons But also, all milling characters and quality characters Giza 178 rice cultivars obtained the heist values than the other cultivars. These findings assure the great amount of genetic variations between the tested cultivars. Interaction between irrigation treatments and rice cultivars had significant effect on most tested characters except harvest index in both seasons and grain yield (ton/fed.) in 2013 season only.