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Abstract
Effect of irrigation intervals on growth of annual flowers under climatic conditions of South Punjab, Pakistan
Highlights
Dianthus produced maximum plant height (41 cm), stem diameter (5.85 mm), shoot fresh weight (27.88 g), shoot dry weight (4.86 g), root dry weight (2.76 g), root length (25 cm), no. of flower buds (11.33), no. of opened flowers (6.67), flower diameter (34.90 mm), total antioxidants (86.08) and total phenolic contents (331.87) at four days of irrigation intervals
According to the (Table 2), calendula produced maximum shoot fresh weight (18.40 g) and shoot dry weight (4.04 g) at daily irrigation followed by two days irrigation interval that produced 18.09 g and 3.89 g of shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight, respectively
Root dry weight was maximum in calendula (1.52 g) and dianthus (2.76 g) at four days of irrigation interval but minimum 0.73 g and 0.78g, respectively, at six days of irrigation interval (Table 2)
Summary
Dianthus produced maximum plant height (41 cm), stem diameter (5.85 mm), shoot fresh weight (27.88 g), shoot dry weight (4.86 g), root dry weight (2.76 g), root length (25 cm), no. of flower buds (11.33), no. of opened flowers (6.67), flower diameter (34.90 mm), total antioxidants (86.08) and total phenolic contents (331.87) at four days of irrigation intervals. Calendula (Calendula officinalis; Asteraceae family) is a winter annual herb with flower and leaves that are pinnately divided and used in horticultural industry as a decorative plant [7] It is used as medicinal plant and its flowering is usually used in food items to give both flavor and color to foods [8-10]. In arid areas water and nutrients are limiting factors for growth of annuals and their photosynthetic activities increases at high temperature along with sufficient water availability [14]. With increasing demand the supply of water is decreasing that is adversely affecting biodiversity in the world, which may be due to rainfall, temperature, evaporation rate, soil quality, vegetation type and water runoff [19]. Water can be saved by decreasing loss of water through various alternative irrigation methods e.g. enhancing irrigation interval that will save water without producing adverse effects on vegetative and reproductive growth of plants [20, 21]
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