Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare different irrigants’ effect on two EndoSequence root repair materials’ push-out bond strength. Sixty root slices were filled either with EndoSequence premixed fast-set putty or regular-set paste, and then immersed either in sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, or saline (as control) for 30 min, after which the slices were subjected to the push-out test. The surface structures were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. Fast-set putty exhibited greater displacement resistance when immersed in saline and subjected to adhesive failure mode, while regular-set paste showed greater resistance when immersed in chlorhexidine and subjected to cohesive failure mode. Infrared analysis showed changes in organic filler, and carbonate and phosphate bands after using irrigants. The lowest carbonate/phosphate ratio was found for chlorhexidine in both materials. Therefore, sodium hypochlorite reduced EndoSequence root repair materials’ displacement resistance markedly.
Highlights
Furcation perforation is a communication between the root canal system and the supporting tissues of the teeth
The fast-set putty exposed to saline displayed a significantly greater mean push-out bond strength (131.26 ± 26.68 MPa) compared to that exposed to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (110.74 ± 8.09 MPa: p = 0.024) and 5.25% NaOCl (93.6 ± 7.73 MPa: p = 0.000), respectively
The regular-set paste samples exposed to 2% CHX demonstrated a significantly higher mean push-out bond strength (14.99 ± 2.48 MPa) compared to those exposed to 5.25% NaOCl (8.65 ± 2.02 MPa: p = 0.000) and saline (10.91 ± 2.88 MPa: p = 0.003), respectively
Summary
Furcation perforation is a communication between the root canal system and the supporting tissues of the teeth. Management of furcation perforations using root repair material poses a challenge for clinicians in efforts to prevent complicated endodontic–periodontal lesions [1,2]. It is ideal for endodontic root repair materials’ to be antibacterial, biocompatible, radiopaque, dimensionally stable, easy to manipulate, and unaffected by blood contamination. It is desirable for this material to induce or conduct bone deposition, provide a good seal against bacteria and fluids, set in a wet environment, and have sufficient compressive strength and hardness [3,4,5]. There are two types—Gray and White MTA—and the difference between them is the absence of iron in white
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