Abstract
ABSTRACT The ceramic materials industry includes the burning process at high temperatures in a way that the energy expense of the conventional methods of burning is very high. Using alternative raw materials shows a large potential in this process, such as wastes from other industrial processes, which may reduce the burning temperature of the ceramics, providing desirable characteristics with lower energy expense, as additives that have a high fluxes content, such as iron ore tailings. The waste used had its chemical composition analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence, mineralogical composition analyzed by X-ray Diffraction and Granulometry by sieving and sedimentation. To study the properties of ceramic test pieces with addition of wastes, we used three different temperatures in the burning process to test if the use of the waste could improve its characteristics. We produced test pieces including a mixture of soil with 10 and 20% content of waste exposed to the sintering process at temperatures of 750, 850 and 950° C. To test the technological properties of the pieces we performed tests of linear shrinkage, loss on fire, coloring, water absorption, apparent porosity, compressive strength and scanning electron microscopy. The color of the test pieces was intensified, and the tested characteristics that showed improvements when the burning temperature decreased. However, at defined concentrations there was little variation in the test pieces produced with pure soil.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONFor the abundance of raw materials and territorial extension, Brazil has a strong presence in the ceramic materials industry as one of the largest producers and consumers, representing 1% of the national GDP (gross domestic product), where the red ceramic sector represented in which 40% [1]
Using alternative raw materials shows a large potential in this process, such as wastes from other industrial processes, which may reduce the burning temperature of the ceramics, providing desirable characteristics with lower energy expense, as additives that have a high fluxes content, such as iron ore tailings
We produced test pieces including a mixture of soil with 10 and 20% content of waste exposed to the sintering process at temperatures of 750, 850 and 950° C
Summary
For the abundance of raw materials and territorial extension, Brazil has a strong presence in the ceramic materials industry as one of the largest producers and consumers, representing 1% of the national GDP (gross domestic product), where the red ceramic sector represented in which 40% [1]. The ores explored in Brazil have various structures, given their different conditions of metamorphism, tectonism, weathering to which they were submitted in their genesis, originating ores with different constituents, morphology, dimensions, etc In this way, researchers seeks safer destinations and with more positive impacts in the region where are the mining, aiming at the noblest destination for several types of waste to reduce the number and volume of tailings dams, an important criterion for judging the environmental performance of companies [15]. The focus of this research is to examine the effect of the iron ore tailing used as an additive to reduce the red ceramic materials sintering temperature, analyzing the esthetic effect of this addition as an intensifier of the red color of the product
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