Effect of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Low-frequency Narrow-band Noise on Temporary Threshold Shift in Humans

Abstract

Objective – To evaluate the effect of ipsilateral and contralateral low-frequency (250 Hz) narrow-band noise (NBN) on the temporary threshold shift (TTS) induced by a 2 kHz tone in young normally hearing subjects with a functioning auditory efferent system.Material and Methods – Sixteen young volunteers served as subjects. All the subjects were young (20–30 years), disease-free and had a medical history negative for otological disease, noise exposure and use of ototoxic drugs. They had normal hearing [thresholds of 125–8000 Hz below 20 dB hearing level (HL)], transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three different groups. Subjects in Group A (n=5) were exposed to a 90 dB HL 2 kHz pure tone for 10 min. Subjects in Group B (n=6) were exposed to a 90 dB HL 2 kHz pure tone and an ipsilateral 45 dB HL 250 Hz NBN for 10 min. Subjects in Group C (n=5) were exposed to a 90 dB HL 2 kHz pure tone and a contralateral 45 dB HL 250 Hz NBN for 10 min. The right ear served as the test ear. The TTS 2 min after the end of the exposure (TTS2) was measured in all subjects at 2, 3 and 4 kHz.Results – TTS2 in Group A was significantly higher at 3 kHz (p=0.011) and at 4 kHz (p=0.003) than TTS2 in Group B. At 4 kHz, TTS2 in Group C was significantly higher (p=0.013) than TTS2 in Group B. Although TTS2 in Group C was lower than TTS2 in Group A, this difference was not significant. The presence of an ipsilateral low-frequency NBN significantly reduced TTS2 induced by a 90 dB HL 2 kHz tone. A contralateral low-frequency NBN reduced TTS2 in this group of subjects; however, the reduction was not significant.Conclusion – The results of this study show that an ipsilateral low-intensity, low-frequency (250 Hz) NBN can give protection from a TTS induced by a 2 kHz tone. Contralateral low-frequency NBN did not induce any protective effect.