Abstract
A review of the effects of IUDs on the corpora lutea of various small animals is presented; the data on general effects in larger animals (sheep cattle and guinea pigs) is also given. Mean estrous cycle length after insertion in sheep decreased from 16.3 to 11.9 days in cattle from 20.8 to 13.1 days and in guinea pigs from 16.2 to 14.8 days. Unilateral effects of intrauterine devices in ewes guinea pigs cattle and swine were inconsistent. Possible pathways of IUD effects on the corpus luteum include local utero-ovarian pathways although there is no evidence that the oviduct acts as a pathway in the luteolytic action of IUDs. The triggering of the IUD-activated luteolytic mechanism presumably occurs in the uterus.
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