Effect of intestinal microbiota on myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract

The last 10–15 years have been marked by a rapid increase in the volume of knowledge about the role of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of various physiological processes. In particular, the interrelations between disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microflora and an increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases were noted. There are also emerging works that demonstrate the possibility of reducing the severity of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury as a result of various effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. This review analyzes the recent literature on the influence of intestinal microbiota on myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. It has been shown that modulation of the intestinal microbiome by changing the nature of nutrition, probiotics, antibiotics, and intestinal microflora transplantation leads to a reduction in the size of myocardial infarction. Normalization of increased permeability of intestinal epithelial barrier with reduction of manifestations of systemic inflammation, changes in the level of secretion of some hormones, increased production of short-chain fatty acids and modulation of bile acid metabolism under the action of intestinal bacterial enzymes are considered as possible mechanisms of cardioprotection mediated by changes in the functional state of microbiota. The concept of increasing myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota is a completely new scientific direction that requires detailed study in experiment with the possibility of rapid implementation of the results obtained in clinical practice.