Effect of intensive blood pressure lowering on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Abstract

BackgroundSuccessful antihypertensive management can limit left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and improve the clinical prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering has a greater effect on the occurrence and regression of LVH compared to standard BP lowering.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 2 June 2023. Relevant and eligible studies were included. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultFour RCTs including 20,747 patients met our inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that intensive BP lowering was associated with a significantly lower rate of LVH (OR 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78–0.93; I2 48.6%) in patients with hypertension compared to standard BP lowering. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of intensive BP lowering on LVH was more pronounced in patients with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (OR 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72–0.93; I2 57.9%). In addition, intensive BP lowering led to significant regression of LVH (OR 0.68; 95%CI: 0.52–0.88; I2 45.5%).ConclusionsOur study suggests that intensive BP lowering should be instigated as soon as possible for optimal control of BP and to prevent regression of LVH, especially in patients with high risk of CVD. However, caution is warranted when treating hypertensive patients with LVH to systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets below 130 mm Hg.