Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased blood glucose levels from dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism. Dietary intervention can help to prevent and manage the disease. Food hydrocolloids have been shown to have favorable properties in relation to glycaemic regulation. However, the use of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin to modulate glucose responses is much less explored than other types of hydrocolloids. We, therefore, carried out the first review examining the impact of intake of food hydrocolloids of bacterial origin (as a direct supplement or incorporated into foods) on glycemic response in humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. They used either xanthan gum, pullulan, or dextran as interventions. There was a wide variation in the amount of hydrocolloid supplementation provided and methods of preparation. Postprandial blood glucose responses were reduced in half of the studies, particularly at higher intake levels and longer chain hydrocolloids. When xanthan gum was added to the cooking process of muffins and rice, a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose was observed. The use of these hydrocolloids is potentially effective though more research is needed in this area.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleDiabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased circulating blood glucose levels resulting from dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism
The results showed that blood glucose levels were 22% lower for the xanthan gum intervention compared to control at 20 min postprandially (p < 0.05) and overall, as delta area under the curve for 120 min (p < 0.05)
The findings suggested that the blood sugar levels after rice consumption were suppressed most effectively when the rice was coated in xanthan gum sol
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased circulating blood glucose levels resulting from dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism. Obesity, and physical inactivity are all factors reported to increase the risk of the disease, in people who are genetically susceptible [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has the highest incidence, accounting for at least 90% of all the cases of diabetes globally. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons. About 387 million people are reported to have this condition, and an estimated 179 million people are undiagnosed. Approximately 2.2 million deaths are directly caused by diabetes annually [2]. Estimates from the International Diabetes Federation show that by 2035, more than 592 million people will have T2DM globally, and most of them
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