Abstract
Eucalyptus tree is a high potential plant species as a deep root system for water absorption to prevent the salt rise-up, a large bushy to cover the surface area and to detoxify the toxic salt ions. The aim of this research is to investigate the responses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis to different sites of inland salinity. Survival percentage of salt-stressed eucalypt was decreased, relating to salt contamination and negatively correlated with proline accumulation. Water use efficiency in the salt-stressed leaves was negatively related to electro conductivity (EC) values in the salt-affected soil. Chlorophyll a (Chla) and total chlorophyll (TC) degradations were positively related to maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) (r2=0.89) and quantum efficiency of PSII (?PSII) (r2=0.95), leading to low net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (r2=0.79) and to reduce the growth characteristics in term of plant height and circumstance. The survived eucalypt plants in the severe salinity land containing high salt contamination (1.7-2.0% salt) may be further applied as potential plant species to remediate the inland salinity soil.
Highlights
Salt affected soil is one of environmental issues to become a serious problem, inhibiting plant growth and development prior to loss of productivity, especially in crop species being defined as glycophyte (Hasegawa et al, 2000; Qadir et al, 2008)
The electro conductivity (EC) in the soil solution was negatively related to water use efficiency (Figure 2A)
The photosynthetic pigments, Chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (TC) and Cx+c were significantly dropped when exposed to 1.70% salt conditions in plot site I for 54.79, 53.75, 54.50 and 50.30%, respectively
Summary
Salt affected soil is one of environmental issues to become a serious problem, inhibiting plant growth and development prior to loss of productivity, especially in crop species being defined as glycophyte (Hasegawa et al, 2000; Qadir et al, 2008). Salt affected soils (EC > 4 dS m-1) can be characterized by the excess levels of water-soluble salts, including sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), among others. Those salts are water soluble and played as a positive charge i.e. Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, and a negative charge i.e. Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-, and NO3(Tanji, 2002). NaCl is a dominant salt contamination in the soil It is a small molecule when oxidized by water, producing sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-), which are absorbed by the root tissues of higher plants and transferred to the whole plant using xylem uploading channels (Maathuis and Amtmann, 1999; Tester and Davenport, 2003; Rodriguez-Navarro and Rubio, 2006). A phytoremediation technique is an effective way to solve the saltaffected soil problem (Turner and Ward, 2002; Qadir and Oster, 2004; Qadir et al, 2007; Jianfeng et al, 2008; Kiliç et al, 2008)
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