Abstract
Oocyte deformation during injection is a major cause of potential cell damage which can lead to failure in the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) operation used as an infertility treatment. Injection speed plays an important role in the deformation creation. In this paper the effect of different speeds on deformation of zebrafish embryos is studied using a specially designed experimental set-up. An analytical model is developed in order to link injection force, deformation, and injection speed. A finite element (FE) model is also developed to analyse the effect of injection speed, allowing the production of additional information that is difficult to obtain experimentally, e.g., deformation and stress fields on the oocyte. The numerical model is validated against experimental results. Experimental results indicate that by increasing the injection speed, the deformation decreases. However, higher speeds cause higher levels of injection force and force fluctuation, leading to a higher vibration during injection. For this reason, an optimum injection speed range is determined. Finally, the FE model was validated against experimental results. The FE model is able to predict the force-deformation variation during injection for different speeds. This proves to be useful for future studies investigating different injection conditions.
Highlights
Biological cell injection is a laborious process, which introduces a foreign material into a biological cell with various applications such as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and embryo biopsy
The present study aims to analyse the effect of the injection speed on cell deformation, injection force, and force fluctuation by means of in-house experiments
It is possible to observe that the rate of increase in force grows with the injection speed increase, causing less deformation and high injection force
Summary
Biological cell injection is a laborious process, which introduces a foreign material into a biological cell with various applications such as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and embryo biopsy. The conventional method is performed manually using two manual joysticks In this method, the tip of the injection micropipette is moved towards the oocyte to the point where it touches the zona pellucida and the oolemma membranes. The tip of the injection micropipette is moved towards the oocyte to the point where it touches the zona pellucida and the oolemma membranes Afterwards, it moves rapidly until it pierces the membrane and delivers foreign material into the desired location in the oocyte [1,2]. This method is prone to errors as it relies on the skills of an operator who is guided by optical devices. Automating the entire process has been the main focus in the literature [4,5] in order to eliminate human involvement and deformation due to excessive cellular force
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