Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression.

Meidan Fang,Tongjun Liu,Ranji Cui,Wei Yang,Shuohui Gao,Bingjin Li,Lili Zhong,Jing Lv,Xin Jin

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00184

Abstract

A considerable body of evidence has shown that inflammation plays an important role in the process of stroke rehabilitation and development of poststroke depression (PSD). However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this review, we summarize how neuroinflammation affects stroke rehabilitation and PSD. We mainly focus on the immune/inflammatory response, involving astrocytes, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1), and microRNAs (microRNA-124, microRNA 133b). This review provides new insights into the effect of inflammation on the process of stroke rehabilitation and PSD and potentially offer new therapeutic targets of stroke and PSD.

Highlights

Stroke is defined as permanent tissue damage caused by a sudden loss of brain blood supply as a result of occlusion or a hemorrhage
As the inflammatory response may modulate neuroplasticity during stroke and altered neuroplasticity may be associated with the onset of poststroke depression (PSD), the stroke-induced immune response in the brain can affect the PSD process
We describe the two different types of stroke and respectively summarize the effects of inflammation on the process of stroke rehabilitation

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Stroke is defined as permanent tissue damage caused by a sudden loss of brain blood supply as a result of occlusion or a hemorrhage. Astrocytes, and endotheliocytes are involved in immune/inflammatory activation induced by ischemic stroke. These cells can communicate with each other by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules. Inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are activated, reach the ischemic area, and contribute to the inflammatory response [1]. As the inflammatory response may modulate neuroplasticity during stroke and altered neuroplasticity may be associated with the onset of PSD, the stroke-induced immune response in the brain can affect the PSD process. There are certain complicated connections between immune/inflammatory processes and stroke rehabilitation

Ischemic Stroke

Pharmacotherapy in Stroke Rehabilitation

Pharmacotherapy in PSD

CONCLUSIONS