Abstract
Artemisia cina is one of a member of genus Artemisia that has potential as a medicinal plant. However, the levels of Artemisia medicinal bioactive compounds are very low. Polyploidization is an alternative method that can enhance of growth and secondary metabolite productions of plants. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of polyploid induction using colchicine and plant growth regulator toward plant growth, the chlorophyll, kaemferol and quercetin contents of A. cina. Four different A. cina used in this research consisted of two diploid genotypes (TWN and KJT) and two polyploid genotypes (J and M). Induction of mutant polyploid was conducted using colchicine and combination of plant growth regulator benziladenyl (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The measured plant growth parameters were dry weight, leaf area, and plant height. The chlorophyll content of leaves was determined spectrophotometrically, and flavonoid content determined using HPLC. The result showed that the polyploid genotype (M) significantly decreased leaf and root growth compared to the KJT and TWN. In A. cina plants, polyploidization using colchicine is more effective in increasing the biomass than using combination plant growth regulator BA and 2,4-D. The flavonoid content of KJT was the lowest, and significantly different compared to the other plants. This study provides new information about the effect of polyploid on growth and flavonoid content in A. cina. This can be useful information to develop A. cina to become a medicinal plant.
Highlights
Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant belongs to Compositae family that producing artemisinin as a major secondary metabolite compound
The leaf and root growth of M genotype experienced a significant decrease, shown by having the lowest growth in terms of root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area compared to three others (KJT, TWN and J genotypes)
The results showed that induced polyploid in A. cina significantly increased quercetin and kaemferol contents
Summary
Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant belongs to Compositae family that producing artemisinin as a major secondary metabolite compound. Flavonoid such as quercetin and kaempferol compounds contained in A. cina is a secondary metabolite that is potential for the development of herbal medicines. The gene doses in the polyploid mutant were duplicated and will affect plant growth and biomass, and plant activity enzymes, isozyme diversity, and responsible for improving secondary metabolite production (De Jesus, 2003; Kim et al 2004). In the case of medicinal plant, polyploid is more helpful and affordable due to the enhanced biomass and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds (Salma et al 2017). The enhancement of plant biomass and the secondary metabolite productions via induced polyploidy has been reported by several researchers. The induced polyploid medicinal orchid (Anoectochilus formosanus) was reported significantly enhance on
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