Abstract
The impacts of plant growth-promoting bacteria on aromatic plant species are poorly known. This study was conducted in order to evaluate possible impacts of mineral fertilizer, plant growth regulators [PGR, Indole 3-acetic acid + benzylaminopurine IAA+BAP and BAP] and five N2-fixing, P-solubilizing, IAA-producing bacterial strains, as biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality characteristics of the plant, essential oil content and major component of the essential of summer savory. GC-MS was used to analyze the hydro-distilled essential oils. Multi-traits bacterial inoculation and PGR applications stimulated overall plant growth, including drug and fresh herb yield, essential oil ratio and yield, crucial oil components such as carvacrol of savory. The presence of at least thirty one compounds were identified in analysed samples, representing 98.7-100% of the total oil contents. In terms of general categories, the chemical profile of the oils with carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-terpinene as the basic components was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Highlights
The plant hormones are important for the production of essential oil-bearing crops
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) can be used as a good alternative to conventional synthetic antimicrobial additives in foods [3] and it is widely used in the food, herbal teas, spices, beverage, flavoring material, medicine, drink and perfume industries in the world [4,5,6]
PGPR have clear potential for improving the productivity of aromatic plants, and may significantly enhance plant growth and diminish the amount of fertilizers needed for economically sustainable crop production
Summary
The plant hormones are important for the production of essential oil-bearing crops. The concentration, application time and type of plant growth regulators [PGR] are a crucial factor for the metabolism and accumulation of secondary metabolites and can affect the essential oil content [1, 2]. Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) can be used as a good alternative to conventional synthetic antimicrobial additives in foods [3] and it is widely used in the food, herbal teas, spices, beverage, flavoring material, medicine, drink and perfume industries in the world [4,5,6]. The essential components of savory are generally phenolic compounds such as carvacrol and thymol, including gamma-terpinene, βcaryophyllene, p-cymene, linalool and other terpenoids [4, 7]. Some investigators have determined that the oil components of the plant are thymol, carvacrol, γ-terpinene, and borneol [8]. Essential oils (EO) and extract of this plant species have antioxidant [11,12,13], antibacterial-antimicrobial [7, 11, 1315], insecticidal [16, 17], antifungal [11, 18,19,20] and antigenotoxic activities [21]
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