Effect of individualised dietary education at medical check-ups on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant Japanese women.

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An increased prevalence of low maternal weight and insufficient pregnancy weight gain may be responsible for an increase in low birthweight infants in Japan. We aimed to examine the effects of individualised dietary education at medical check-ups on maternal/fetal outcomes in Japanese women. Four hundred and six underweight and normal weight singleton pregnant women, who attended check-ups at an obstetric facility until ≥30 weeks gestation and delivered at 36-41 weeks gestation, were selected for analyses. Weight gain was assessed at each check-up based on the official "Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant and Lactating Women". Individual dietary advice was provided by dieticians to those with insufficient or excess weight gain status around 28 weeks gestation. The medical records from uncomplicated singleton deliveries (36-41 weeks gestation) at the same facility from 2008-2010 were used (n=792) to examine the effect of dietary education on maternal/fetal outcomes. Pre-pregnancy underweight was present in >24% of women in both the intervention and non-intervention groups. Adequate weight gain occurred more frequently in the intervention group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in mean birthweight or the proportion of low birthweight infants. However, the proportion of extremely small for gestational age infants (birthweight <3rd percentile) was lower in the intervention group (p=0.011). There were no differences in the frequency of caesarean delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension, or infant Apgar scores <7. Dietary education during pregnancy check-ups promotes adequate maternal weight gain and helps prevent extreme fetal growth restraint.