Effect of Incubation Periods, Medium Volumes and Explants Density on in Vitro Shoot Formation and Growth and Cost of Multiplication of Moris Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of combinations of four incubation periods (30, 45, 60 and 75 days), three explants density (one, two and three) and four volumes of medium (3, 6, 9 and 12 ml) in the in vitro shoot formation per explant, total shoots and total cost per liter of medium and cost per shoot of Moris pineapple. The highest shoot per explant was obtained in combination of three explants in 12 ml of medium incubated for 60 days, three explants in 9 and in 12 ml of medium and one explant in 3 and in 9 ml of medium incubated for 75 days but at different total shoots (2750, 3667, 2750, 3667 and 1222 shoots), total cost ( USA $25.85, 36.09, 28.39, 95.32 and 36.06) per liter of medium. Combinations in which three explants were used per culture resulted in lowest cost per shoot (1.0 cent) while combination in which one explant was used per culture, the cost per shoot was two to three times higher (2.6 and 2.9 cents). Combination of three explants, 3 ml of medium and 75 days of incubation, on the other hand, resulted in formation of only 6 shoots per explant (almost half of the highest obtained rate) but in highest total shoot per liter of medium (6000 shoots ) at highest total cost (USA $95.32) and intermediate cost per shoot (1.6 cents). Combination of three explants, 6 ml of medium and 75 days resulted in formation of 10 shoots per explant, production of 5000 shoots per liter of medium at lowest cost per shoot (1.0 cent) and intermediate total cost per liter of medium (USA $ 50.68). Using of one explant in 12 ml for 30 days resulted in formation of 5 shoots per explant, highest cost per shoot (5.0 cents) and lowest total shoots (417 shoots) and lowest total cost (USA $ 20.73) per liter of medium.