Effect of incremental levels of apple pomace and multi enzyme on performance, immune response, gut development and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens

Amir Hosein Aghili,Majid Toghyani,Sayed Ali Tabeidian

doi:10.1007/s40093-019-00305-8

Amir Hosein Aghili, Majid Toghyani

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00305-8

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Abstract

PurposeDuring the apple processing procedures, a large amount of apple pomace is generated which is contains peel, core, seed, calyx, stem, and soft issue. The polyphenolic compounds in apple pomace are strong antioxidants that are able to counterbalance the free radicals; also, it is a rich source of many nutrients such as carbohydrates, minerals, fiber except protein. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of dried apple pomace in broilers diet.MethodsThe incremental levels of dried apple pomace (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) with and without enzyme were used in broilers diet (8 dietary treatments). The growth performance, immune response, gut development, antioxidant capacity (TAC) and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated.ResultsThe lowest daily weight gain, body weight and poorest feed conversion ratio was obtained by F treatment (P < 0.05), enzyme inclusion along with dried apple pomace had positive effect on growth performance. The antibody titter against Newcastle, Influenza and SRBC was increased by C, H, G and H treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). Antibody titer against NDV, IDV, and SRBC by 4, 8, 12 and TAC by 12, 16 and 20% of dried apple pomace significantly increased. The villous height by 4, 8, 12 and crypt depth by 12, 16 and 20% dried apple pomace significantly and insignificantly decreased, respectively.ConclusionThe results suggested that the incremental levels of dried apple pomace deteriorate growth performance, modified antibody titer production, total antioxidant capacity and blood parameters of broilers.

Highlights

Apples are well known and widespread fruits of the genus malus belonging to the family Rosacea
Apple pulp is a rich source of pectin (10–15%) and good source of carbohydrates, polyphenols and dietary fiber and has antioxidant property (Fanimo et al 2003; Sudha et al 2007), which is due to some phytochemicals such as total flavonoids (0.45–1.19 mg/g) phenolics (4.22–8.67 mg/g), and total flavan-3-ols (2.27–9.51 mg/g) (Cetkovic et al 2007)
Feed intake (DFI) in overall rearing phase was not affected by interaction effect of dried apple pomace (DAP) and enzyme supplementation (P > 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Apples are well known and widespread fruits of the genus malus (about 25 species) belonging to the family Rosacea. Apple pomace is the main solid waste generated in apple juice making factories and contains > 80% moisture (Gullion et al 2008). Apple pomace consists of apple peel, seeds, core, stems and pulp, and represents about 25–35% of the. Base on the findings of Ganai et al (2006), apple pomace contains 19.34–20.66% crude fiber, 7.31–8.53% crude protein, 2.6–3.33% ether extract, 46.4–49% neutral detergent fiber and 3.85–4.7% total ash. Apple pomace is presently used to feed animal but several factors such as low digestibility due to high lignin/cellulose ratio, low protein and mineral contents adversely affect the its value as an animal feed (Correia et al 2007). Dried apple pomace can be potentially used as a supplement in poultry feed

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