Abstract
Purpose : To investigate the effect of metformin in-ovo injection on blood parameters and adenosine monophhosphate-activeed protein kinase (AMPK) gene expression in the liver of pre- and post-hatch broilers. Methods : A total of 300 fertilized broiler breeders’ eggs (Ross 308) were selected for injection of metformin. There were four treatment levels and four replicates. Each replicate contained 15 eggs. Treatment involved injecting a solution without metformin (physiological serum), injecting one ml of 2 mg/l metformin, injecting one ml of 4 mg/l metformin and injecting one ml of 6 mg/l metformin. The first experiment was conducted on one-day-old chicks and the second experiment on 42-day-old chicks. Blood parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein), HDL (high density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) were examined in both the experiments. Gene expression was also tested separately. Results : In the test on 1-day old chicks, the results of the effect of metformin on AMPK gene expression indicate that the treatment caused significantly modified the latter (p 0.05). Conclusion : Metformin injection into one-day-old chicks activates lipid metabolism in the yolk sac of the embryo, resulting in the lipid depletion. However, there was no significant effect on AMPK gene expression and blood parameters in 42-day-old chicken due to the long interval between metformin injection (42 days). Keywords : Metformin, AMPK gene expression, in-ovo injection, Broiler
Highlights
Metformin (N, N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide) is a chemical drug with a molecular weight of 129. 16364 grams per mole and is presented as C4H11N5
There was no significant difference in glucose concentration during treatment (p >0.05)
Different concentrations of HDL and VLDL were observed by increasing concentrations of metformin (Table 5)
Summary
Metformin (N, N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide) is a chemical drug with a molecular weight of 129. 16364 grams per mole and is presented as C4H11N5. Metformin (N, N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide) is a chemical drug with a molecular weight of 129. 16364 grams per mole and is presented as C4H11N5. Metformin is one of the oldest and most widely used oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The main effect of metformin is reduced hepatic glucose production and increased cell sensitivity to peripheral insulin; it lowers blood sugar. Metformin reduced triglycerides [1], nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) [2] and results in energy supply to the lipids and their oxidation by decreasing sensitivity to glucose. Its anti-diabetic activity occurs through AMPK activation, reduced hepatic glucose and increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Metformin activates AMPK enzyme by LKB1 gene [3]
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