Abstract
The experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized egg by 7 treatments 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each. Seven treatments included two control with and without injection, iron sulfate, iron sulfate nanoparticles, Alimet, Alimet + iron sulfate, Alimet + iron sulfate nanoparticles. After hatching 2 mg iron nanoparticles were applied as new treatment. The highest increased in the intestinal relative weight (p < 0.05) was observed by iron+Alimet in late feeding at day old of age. Also similar trend was found in cecum and duodenum length by iron control 2 and late feeding (18 hours’ after hatching). The highest cecum length was found among all treatments by in ovo injection of iron nanoparticles in early feeding at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). Significantly increased the duodenum length was found by iron sulfate in early feeding at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Alimet in late feeding was resulted in decrease jejunum crypt depth at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the highest jejunum villi width and surface area were recorded in dietary iron sulfate nanoparticles in late feeding at 21 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05).
Highlights
A large number of experiments have shown that deficiencies of some amino acids and micronutrients such as minerals could affect on production and in intestinal status (Klasing, 2007; Kogut & Klasing, 2009).Iron-deficiency anaemia is as a public health problem (Stoltzfus, 2001)
The embryo experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized eggs in 7 treatments, 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each: (1) control treatment; (2) second control treatment; (3) iron sulfate: 25 ppm; (4) iron sulfate nanoparticles: 25 ppm; (5) methionine hydroxy analogue: 100 ppm; (6) chelate iron sulfate + methionine hydroxy analogue: 150 ppm (7) iron sulfate + methionine hydroxy analogue: 100 ppm
The post-hatch chicks were allocated to 16 treatments (8×2 factorial design with 4 replicates in each) consisted of two factors of additives: (1) control; (2) control; (3) iron sulfate; (4) iron sulfate nanoparticle; (5) methionine hydroxy analogue; (6) iron sulfate bounded to methionine hydroxy analogue; (7) iron sulfate nanoparticle; (8) iron sulfate nanoparticle in diet
Summary
A large number of experiments have shown that deficiencies of some amino acids and micronutrients such as minerals could affect on production and in intestinal status (Klasing, 2007; Kogut & Klasing, 2009).Iron-deficiency anaemia is as a public health problem (Stoltzfus, 2001). One of the strategies to overcome in this problem is add to food iron supplementary. Mineral elements such as iron are the vital components of poultry nutrition. Iron is necessary for transfer, reserve and use of oxygen (Richards, 1997). Much of the organic iron in the body is found in the structure of hemoglobin, in muscles as myoglobin, and in liver, it is in the form of reserved ferritin and hemosiderin (Suttle, 2010). Many researches have supported the role of mineral elements in low consumption such as iron in the development of chicken embryo (McFarlane & Milne, 1934; Richards, 1997)
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