Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of imprisonment on the prisoners in the light of Gabriel Tarde's Three Laws in the prisons of Qom, Arak and Karaj cities in 2012. Statistical population of survey was consisted of prisoners in three cities of Arak, Qom and Karaj and in this regard 121 individuals were considered as the sample size by using the random sampling; among these individuals, 20 individuals were selected from prisoners in Qom, 33 from Arak and 68 from Karaj. Data collection was based on the questionnaire. Reliability of questionnaire was obtained 0.89 by using Cronbach's alpha method for 22-question researcher-made questionnaire with five-point Likert scale; moreover the content validity was used in order to test the validity of questionnaire and for this propose the questionnaire was approved by relevant experts. Analysis of data, obtained from implementing the questionnaire, was done through the software Spss in both descriptive section (frequency, percentage frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential section (Single-sample T-test and chi-square test). Results of research indicated that the Gabriel Tarde's laws have been effective in the field of adverse effects of imprisonment on the prisoners. Moreover, the results showed that the effect of imprisonment is not predictable in penal system in reducing the crime and also the outbreak of crimes by the prisoners is higher.
Highlights
Society is a group of people who are living with each other while observing the rules, customs and habits which are acceptable for all individuals
According to the research findings, it should be emphasized that the prison environment always increases the risk of fraud and crime inside the prison due to the special conditions of prisoners
Regardless of adverse outcomes for prisoners and difficulties for prison officials by committing the crime and offence in prison, it can be problematic due to the bad effect and possibility to be spread among other prisoners
Summary
Society is a group of people who are living with each other while observing the rules, customs and habits which are acceptable for all individuals. Everyone in the society should observe these rules and regulations and not observing them will lead to the disorder. The human societies have been faced with the social deviance and the strategies have been predicted in order to deal with this deviation. Those, who have committed the crime, have not been able to coordinate with the natural flow of society. When there is a conflict between the interests of society and individual's interests, the person will violate the regulations otherwise commit a crime if he gives the priority to his own interests and ignores the interests of society (George, 2002)
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