Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of imidacloprid and tetraconazole in male rats given daily oral doses of these pesticides (for 30 days). Which equal to those residues found in and on cucumber fruits after zero time, (24 hour after application) as well as two doses which equal 0.1, 0.125 of the LD50 value for each pesticide? These doses were (0.943, 0.365, 45, 56.25 mg/kg) for imidacloprid, and (0.174, 0.104, 124.8, 156 mg/kg) for tetraconazole, respectively.Results indicated that imidacloprid and tetraconazole residues on and in cucumber fruits after one hour and 24 hour from the last spray did not cause any significant effects on the activities of AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and ALP enzymes. There is no significant difference on the levels of creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and glucose in the serum of treated rats. There is no effect on Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell Counts (RBC’s), haemoglobin (Hb) and White Blood Cell Counts (WBC’s) in the blood of treated rats. Also doses equal to the residues did not cause any harmful effect on concentrations of AChE, T3, T4, TSH and testosterone hormone. The aforementioned results of this part of study indicated that the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, and the fungicide tetraconazole, can induce a variety of alterations in the activities of AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and ALP enzymes and the levels of creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and glucose in the serum of treated rats also the concentrations of AChE, T3, T4, TSH and testosterone hormone at higher doses which equal to 0.125 and 0.1of the LD50value for each pesticide. The severity of their action depends entirely on the level of the given doses and the type of the tested pesticides.
Highlights
Tetraconazole [(RS)-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazole1-yl) propyl 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl ether] belongs to the azole group of chemicals and has low acute toxicity
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may be involved in the toxicity of various pesticides [9]. Exposure to these insecticides may involve a large segment of the population, which includes agriculture workers and their families, those living in proximity to farms/orchards, and the general population who may be exposed through home application of pesticides or via residues on food Bradman et al [10,11,12]
Results show that oral administration of the low doses (0.365, 0.943 mg/kg) did not affect the Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Summary
Tetraconazole [(RS)-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazole1-yl) propyl 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl ether] belongs to the azole group of chemicals and has low acute toxicity. Since the literature concerning the toxicological studies of these pesticides, the present study was carried out to investigate the toxicological effects on hematological and biochemical parameters in adult rats following oral administration by different doses of each pesticide for 30 days, which equal to those residues found in and on cucumber fruits after zero time, (24 hour after application) as well as two doses which equal 0.1, 0.125 of the LD50 value for each pesticides These doses were (0.943, 0.365, 45, 56.25 mg/kg) for imidacloprid, and (0.174, 0.104, 124.8, 156 mg/kg) for tetraconazole, respectively.
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