Effect of Hypovitaminosis D on Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Awad S Alsamghan,Ayaz K Mallick,Mohammed A S Alzahrani,Ayyub Patel,Safar A Alsaleem,Salah A Sheweita,Ciccarelli Michele

doi:10.1155/2020/6640402

Abstract

Background Hypothyroidism is believed to be associated with dyslipidemia and is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Vitamin D, due to its steroid hormone action, retains cell function and controls the metabolism of lipids. Therefore, the present study was carried out to show the association of the risk factors of ASCVD and deficiency of thyroid hormones and vitamin D levels since no previous studies have been performed on Saudi patients before. Methodology. A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 400 hypothyroid patients. Medical records of those patients were followed up and were classified as normal and hypothyroid patients according to their thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. TSH, vitamin D, and lipid profiles were determined using the ELISA technique. Result Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid patients than those in the normal group. We have found a significant correlation between TSH levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C). Moreover, a significant correlation between vitamin D levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C) has been found. In addition, there is a correlation between deficiency of Vit D and low-TSH levels (95% CI 1.092–4.05) indicating a higher risk for the development of ASCVD among those patients. Conclusion Hypothyroid and vitamin D-deficient patients must be screened regularly at an early stage to predict and also to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, an adequate supply of vitamin D and TH should be given to those patients to prevent cardiovascular diseases at an early stage.

Highlights

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [1,2,3]
The aim of this study is to focus on early identification of cardiovascular disease risk factors that could be prevented and/or alleviated by hypothyroidism treatment and/or vitamin D dietary supplementation
The total serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were elevated in hypothyroid patients whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was decreased compared to the euthyroid group

Summary

Introduction

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [1,2,3]. Hypothyroidism is believed to be associated with dyslipidemia and is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). The present study was carried out to show the association of the risk factors of ASCVD and deficiency of thyroid hormones and vitamin D levels since no previous studies have been performed on Saudi patients before. We have found a significant correlation between TSH levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C). A significant correlation between vitamin D levels and the risk factors of ASCVD (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C) has been found. There is a correlation between deficiency of Vit D and low-TSH levels (95% CI 1.092–4.05) indicating a higher risk for the development of ASCVD among those patients. An adequate supply of vitamin D and TH should be given to those patients to prevent cardiovascular diseases at an early stage

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion