Effect of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on plasma constituents of conscious horses

Abstract

SUMMARY Blood constituents and vascular volume indices were determined in 5 standing horses by use of 2-period crossover experimental design. Horses were either administered hypertonic (2,400 mosm/kg of body weight, iv) or isotonic (300 mosm/kg, iv) saline solution. Each solution was administered at a dosage of 5 ml/kg (infusion rate, 80 ml/min). Samples for determination of pcv, plasma volume, blood volume, plasma osmolality, total amount of plasma protein and plasma concentrations of protein, Na, K, and Cl were collected at 0 hour (baseline, before fluid infusion) and 0.5 hour (at the end of fluid infusion), and subsequently, at 0.25- or 0.5-hour intervals for 4.5 hours. All horses were given the predetermined dose of fluids by 0.5 hour after beginning the saline infusion. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Administration of hypertonic saline solution was associated with decreased mean body weight by 4.5 hours, but weight change after isotonic saline administration was not significant. Other than body weight and plasma protein concentration, between-trial difference (treatment effect) was not observed for any measured variable or index. The F values indicated that increasing the number of horses would have not changed these results. A time effect was evident across both trials, so that mean (±sd) plasma volume increased (12.3 ± 1.07%) and mean plasma protein concentration (−12.1 ± 1.03%) and pcv (−11.9 + 0.67%) decreased proportionately and transiently in association with administration of either fluid at that volume. Other time effects included increased plasma osmolality and Na and Cl concentrations. Blood volume estimates and total amount of plasma protein remained unchanged. These data indicate that in conscious clinically normal horses, changes in plasma protein concentration reflect changes in plasma volume and that blood volume may be regulated by alterations in plasma volume and red cell mass. These data also indicate that changes in plasma volume and constituent concentrations may be similar in response to administration of either 0.9% (300 mosm/kg) or 7.2% (2,400 mosm/kg) NaCl solutions (5 ml/kg) and that clinically normal horses can rapidly regulate variable Na loads.