Abstract
The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) attempted the search for a viable alternative fuel leading to a possible substitution to the conventional diesel since 1982, using palm oil derived fuel. Numerous studies have shown that most exhaust emission encountered with conventional diesel fuel are reduced with biodiesel,with the exception of nitrogen oxides (NOx). This paper is reported on the effect of hydroxylated compounds on the exhaust gas emission and fuel properties of palm biodiesel. Fuel properties tested are viscosity, specific gravity, energy content, pour point and flash point. No significant decrease in the energy content when 5% (wt/vol) of hydroxylated compounds were added into palm biodiesel, however the viscosity is increased about 20%. There is a correlation between hydroxyl value of the compound and the reduction of the flame temperature. Higher hydroxyl value resulted in more significant reduction of flame temperature. The engine test run using the most promising compound showed a decrease in the NOx emission.
Highlights
Simple fatty acid alkyl esters have numerous uses, including as biodiesel
The gross energy content of both palm diesel and modified palm biodiesel is lower than petroleum diesel
The energy content of modified palm biodiesel was reduced by about 0.1% to 0.5% compared to palmdiesel
Summary
Simple fatty acid alkyl esters have numerous uses, including as biodiesel. Biodiesel has higher oxygen content than petroleum diesel, and reduces emissions of particulate matters, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxides. Higher emission of NOx when biodiesel is used in diesel engine could be due to the high energy (high caloric value) of long chain fatty esters. This may result in the engine heating up to a higher temperature for biodiesel than for petroleum diesel[2]. One method of dealing with biodiesel’s NOx emission is to retard the injection timing of the engine. While effective, this method would entail that each engine be modified before using biodiesel fuel. As of to-date no one has a solution to the NOx problem via this method yet[3]
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