Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics used in dentistry and orthopedics are some of the most valuable biomaterials, owing to their excellent osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osseointegration. Osteoconduction and osteoinduction are critical targets for bone regeneration, and osseointegration is essential for any dental implantations. In this study, a hydroxyapatite (HAp) hybrid coating layer with the sequential release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was deposited onto an etched titanium substrate by electrochemical deposition. The resulting release of BMP-2 from Ti–HAp was assessed by immersing samples in a simulated buffer fluid solution. Through coculture, human osteosarcoma cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed. The characteristics and effect on cell proliferation of the hybrid coatings were investigated for their functionality through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cell proliferation assays. Findings revealed that −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) exhibited the optimal HAp properties and a successfully coated HAp layer. XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the deposited HAp on the titanium surface. Ti-0.8 V Ti–HAp co-coating BMP sample exhibited the highest cell proliferation efficiency and was more favorable for cell growth. A successful biocompatible hybrid coating with optimized redox voltage enhanced the osseointegration process. The findings suggest that this technique could have promising clinical applications to enhance the healing times and success rates of dental implantation.
Highlights
The use of biomaterials in dental implants has been prevalent for many years
The electrochemical process was scanned at 100 mV/s at 65 ◦ C in a solution containing 0.042 M Ca(NO3 )2 + 0.025 M (NH4 )2 HPO4 + 3 M KCl
The electrochemical reaction of electroactive species in the bath solution began at approximately −0.5 V, simplified as a redox reaction between the voltage range of −0.8 to −0.4 V
Summary
The use of biomaterials in dental implants has been prevalent for many years. Bone integration is a key factor determining a successful denture installation. If a denture is installed before bone regeneration (i.e., osseointegration), the tendency for dental failure is higher. Materials 2018, 11, 1897 such as Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V, UNS R56400) are widely used in dental implants because of their excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, and superior osteocompatibility [1,2,3]. It is desirable to shorten the healing time by enhancing osseointegration between Ti–6Al–4V and alveolar bone. The acceleration of osseointegration would reduce the inconvenience and discomfort experienced by patients following dental implant procedures
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