Effect of hydrogel on corn growth, water use efficiency, and soil properties in a semi-arid region

Abstract

Most countries, particularly those in arid and semi-arid regions, are grappling with important agricultural production issues that influenced by rapid population growth and limited water resources. The application of soil additives to improve soil properties and water usage productivity has sparked the most attention, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of hydrogel on soil physical properties and plant growth parameters using sandy and silty clay loam soils. Laboratory experiments were implemented using ten different concentrations of hydrogel based on the percentage of the added hydrogel (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.16, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.33% (w/w) hydrogel/soil) to assess its effect on soil physical and hydraulic properties. Moreover, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using four hydrogel concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% (w/w) on Zea mays as a model plant to assess its effect on plant growth parameters. Results revealed that the greatest improvement in soil aggregate percentage was 35% with 0.27% hydrogel concentration whereas, 0.33% hydrogel concentration increased the soil available water by 49%. Moreover, water use efficiency was increased from 13% to 41% for sandy soil and from 35% to 67% for silty clay loam soil. In addition, when compared to the control, both soils' water use efficiency and corn growth rose. In agriculture, hydrogel can improve soil physical properties while also boosting water use efficiency and plant development parameters in dry and semi-arid areas.