Abstract
A microbial composition study of sediments of contaminated (CWS) and uncontaminated (UWS) lentic ecosystems within Akwa Ibom State was carried out by analyzing the small-subunit rRNA genes to determine the effect of hydrocarbon contamination on its microbial composition and diversity. Analysis of the V4 region of the community DNA from both sediments revealed the presence of bacteria, archaea and microalgae. Bacterial sequences outnumbered archaea and microalgae. Abundance of Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Burholderiales, Alcaligenaceae, and Achrombacter were observed in the CWS and Actinobacteria, Actinomycetales, Bacillaceae, and Bacillus in the UWS. Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were also observed to be present in both sediments. The genus Achromobacter and Bacillus dominated in the CWS and UWS, respectively. Uncultured bacterium with the accession number DQ404672.1 and AY917600.1 led at the species levels. <i>Achromobacter</i> sp.-AM232721.1 outnumbered the other species in the CWS such as <i>Kitasatospora</i> sp.-AF131379.1, <i>Mycobacterium celatum</i>-AF547908.1, <i>Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae</i>-NR_043008.1, <i>Cystobacter fuscus</i>-M94276.1, <i>Planosporangium flavigriseum</i>-NR_042508.1, etc. In the UWS, the dominant species was <i>Bacillus</i> sp.-AJ316313.1. Microalgae, <i>Chlorella</i> sp. and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> were also detected in both ecosystems. Diverse and distinct diversity of bacteria, archaea and microalgae are present in the sediments and only a few of them have cultured counterpart. The variation in the microbial communities from the two sites has revealed the impact of contaminants especially hydrocarbons on the microbial diversity in lentic ecosystems.
Highlights
Freshwater is an essential resource for life as it serves as both a source of energy and habitat for vast earth’s biodiversity
This study examined the microbial composition of two freshwater sediments by metagenomic analysis of the smallsubunit rRNA genes obtained from the sediment samples
Archaeal and algal sequences were detected in both sediments through the analysis of the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes of the community deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from the samples
Summary
Freshwater is an essential resource for life as it serves as both a source of energy and habitat for vast earth’s biodiversity. It serves as a sink for several anthropogenic pollutants from agricultural, industrial and municipal activities. High-energy environments have coarse and sandy substrates with low organic content while silty and muddy sediments with higher organic content accumulate in low-energy environments [1]. These physical differences have direct consequences for the biological community
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