Abstract
Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Myracrodruon urundeuva All. and Qualea grandiflora Mart. leaves hydroalcoholic extracts on viability and metabolism of a microcosm biofilm and on enamel demineralization prevention.Methodology:Microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel using inoculum from pooled human saliva mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, for 14 days. The biofilm was daily-treated with the extracts for 1 min. At the end, it was analyzed with respect to viability by fluorescence, CFU counting and extracellular polysaccharides (phenol-sulphuric acid colorimetric assay) and lactic acid (enzymatic assay) production. The demineralization was measured by TMR. The data were compared using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05).Results: M. urundeuva All. at 100, 10 and 0.1 μg/mL and Q. grandiflora Mart. at 100 and 0.1 μg/mL reduced biofilm viability similarly to positive control (chlorhexidine) and significantly more than the negative-vehicle control (35% ethanol). M. urundeuva at 1000, 100 and 0.1 μg/mL were able to reduce both lactobacilli and mutans streptococci CFU counting, while Q. grandiflora (1000 and 1.0 μg/mL) significantly reduced mutans streptococci CFU counting. On the other hand, the natural extracts were unable to significantly reduce extracellular polysaccharides and lactic acid productions neither the development of enamel carious lesions.Conclusions:The extracts showed antimicrobial properties on microcosm biofilm, however, they had no effect on biofilm metabolism and caries protection.
Highlights
Dental caries involves dental biofilm rich in acidogenic and aciduric bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus sp., Veillonella, Actinomyces, bifidobacteria and fungi,1 which are metabolically active under frequent sugar exposure, producing acids that induce tooth demineralization
M. urundeuva at similar concentrations had the same effect on mutans streptococci
Despite having no effect on lactobacilli, Q. grandiflora at 1000 and 0.1 μg/mL significantly reduced the number of mutans streptococci compared to negative control
Summary
Dental caries involves dental biofilm rich in acidogenic and aciduric bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus sp., Veillonella, Actinomyces, bifidobacteria and fungi, which are metabolically active under frequent sugar exposure, producing acids that induce tooth demineralization. Mechanical disorganization of dental biofilm by brushing and rationing sugar consumption are key strategies to prevent the disease. Mechanical disorganization of dental biofilm by brushing and rationing sugar consumption are key strategies to prevent the disease. Conventional antimicrobial oral mouthrinses can be recommended for patients at high-risk level.. Conventional antimicrobial oral mouthrinses can be recommended for patients at high-risk level.3 Their antimicrobial properties may not reflect into an anti-caries effect and, may induce some side-effects such as taste alteration, tooth staining and mucosa desquamation.. Scientists are directing attention to folk medicine in order to find alternative antimicrobial agents against oral diseases as dental caries.. Brazil is the country harboring the highest plant diversity, allocated mainly in Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest.. (Vochysiaceae) are examples of plants from Brazilian Cerrado Conventional antimicrobial oral mouthrinses can be recommended for patients at high-risk level. their antimicrobial properties may not reflect into an anti-caries effect and, may induce some side-effects such as taste alteration, tooth staining and mucosa desquamation. scientists are directing attention to folk medicine in order to find alternative antimicrobial agents against oral diseases as dental caries.
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