Abstract
Capparis decidua has traditionally been recommended as an aphrodisiac agent. Although, it's medicinal use has not been scientifically proved. The present study therefore evaluated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua roots, stem and leaf on sexual behavior in normal male rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua was administered (100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg) to different groups of male wistar rats for 28 days. The female rats were brought in estrous phase before the mating in each group of male rats. Standard group was administered sildenafil citrate at 5mg/kg orally for 28 days. Control group was administered only distilled water. All the experimental groups i.e C. decidua 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, per se group (only C. decidua 200 mg/kg), standard group(sildenafil citrate 5mg/kg) were compared with the control group for parameters evaluated for sexual behavior study. C. decidua at 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and per se treated groups produced significant arousal of sexual activity in male rats. They significantly increased the frequencies of mount, intromission frequency. The mount latency and intromission latency were significantly reduced but ejaculation latency was prolonged significantly. The results indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua enhanced sexual behaviour in male rats. The enhanced sexual behavior in male rats at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight may be due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids as these phytochemicals has role in increasing sexual strength, androgen enhancing, and antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Sexual intercourse holds importance in biological and social relationships in human life
Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6 rats each and were orally administered the following: Group 1, 10 ml/kg of distilled water orally in sexually active male rats; group 2, suspension of sildenafil citrate 5 mg/kg body weight orally in sexually sluggish male rats; groups 3 and 4, received suspension of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua at 100, 200 mg/kg body weight orally in sexually sluggish male rats; group 5 (Per se) received suspension of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua at 200 mg/kg body weight orally only to note the effect of extract only in sexually active male rats
Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua showed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates (Table 1)
Summary
Sexual intercourse holds importance in biological and social relationships in human life. Caper is a perennial shrub and is the common name of the Capparis genus belonging to Capparidaceae family This genus contains several plant species (about 250) [3]. (Family: Capparidaceae) is a xerophytic shrub, discovered broadly in the western parts of Pakistan, India and a portion of the Asian nations[4]. It is broadly distributed in surrendered dry terrains presented to extraordinary radiations where yearly temperatures run from 18 to 48 ̊C. The aim of present work is to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of C. decidua on sexual behavior of male rats using multiple parameters like ejaculation latency, intromission latency, intromission frequency, mount latency, mount frequency
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