Abstract
The need to develop sustainable concrete in the civil infrastructure industry increases day by day, resulting in new eco-friendly materials such as geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is one of the eminent alternatives to conventional concrete for sustainable development by reducing the carbon footprint. Ternary blend geopolymer concrete (TGPC) is a sustainable and environmentally friendly concrete produced with three different source materials to form a binder. The main advantage of TGPC is that it possesses densely packed particles of different shapes and sizes, which results in improved properties. This paper deals with the experimental investigations to evaluate the durability properties of plain and hybrid fibre reinforced TGPC. The durability of concrete is defined as the ability to withstand a safe level of serviceability and different environmental exposure conditions without any significant repair and rehabilitation throughout the service life. Conventional concrete is vulnerable to cracking due to its low tensile and durability properties. The TGPC considered in this work consists of fly ash, GGBS and metakaolin as source materials, selected mainly based on the material’s silica and alumina content, shape, size, and availability. The grade of concrete considered was M55. The main variables considered in this study were the proportions of crimped steel fibres (Vf), viz., 0.5% and 1% and proportions of polypropylene fibres (Vp)viz., 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%. The durability properties like water absorption, sorptivity, resistance to marine attack, acid attack, sulphate attack, and abrasion were studied in this investigation. The experimental test results were compared with the requirements provided in the standard/literature and found to be well within limits. The study also indicates that the inclusion of fibres in a hybrid form significantly improves the durability parameters of TGPC. The TGPC with 1% steel fibre and 0.15% polypropylene fibre performs better than the other combination of fibres considered in this experimental investigation.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThe main component of conventional concrete is ordinary Portland cement (OPC)and its production consumes a high amount of energy
The water absorption values of ternary blend geopolymer concrete (TGPC) and HTGPC were less than 10%, which is well below mentioned valueresults, in the standards
Sorptivity test results of TGPC and HTGPC indicate that the capillary pressure ex1
Summary
Introduction iationsThe main component of conventional concrete is ordinary Portland cement (OPC)and its production consumes a high amount of energy. The main component of conventional concrete is ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymer materials may be used as the best alternative for traditional cementitious concrete to reduce the carbon impact on the environment. The main component of the geopolymer concrete (GPC) is the source material rich in alumina and silica. To reduce the emission of carbon dioxide due to cement production, it is essential to study how these elements can be effectively used as a binder to produce concrete. Nodehi and Taghvaee [5] carried out a detailed literature review about the challenges in finding OPC substitution. They reviewed different types, Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
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