Effect of humic acid, oxalate and phosphate on Fenton-like oxidation of microcystin-LR by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the effect of humic acid, oxalate and phosphate on the heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation efficiency of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) as a catalyst at neutral pH. The degradation efficiency of MC-LR in the Fenton-like system increases significantly from 59.1% to 78%, and 59.1% to 72.1% in the presence of humic acid and oxalate, respectively. These mean that humic acid and oxalate are able to form complexes with iron and iron oxide, thus promote the Fenton-like oxidation of MC-LR. However, the degradation efficiency reduces from 59.1% to 47.8% in the existence of phosphate, because phosphate adsorbs competitively with MC-LR to the nZVI surface, consequently inhibits the heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of MC-LR. The oxidation kinetics of MC-LR fits well with the pseudo first-order kinetic model. The results illustrate that humic acid was more effective than oxalate and phosphate to generate hydroxyl radicals. The surface changes of nZVI before and after reaction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Magnetite, maghemite, lepidocrocite and other iron complexes were detected at nZVI surfaces after reaction with MC-LR.