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Abstract
Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted for natural convection phenomena around a horizontal array of hot inner circular cylinders positioned in a cold rectangular channel in the range of 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 at the Prandtl number of Pr = 0.7. The immersed boundary method (IBM) was used to capture the virtual wall boundary of the inner cylinders based on the finite volume method (FVM). This study investigated the thermal and flow regimes with various patterns at different Rayleigh numbers and horizontal spacing between the inner cylinders. Detailed effects of the spacing (1 L ≤ S ≤ 4 L) were analyzed by visualization of three-dimensional isothermals and vortical structures. The three-dimensionality and heat transfer characteristics resulting from flow and thermal structure changes were also investigated.
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