Abstract

The swing is a key movement for golf. Its in-field performance could be estimated by embedded technologies, but often only vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) are estimated. However, as the swing plane is inclined, horizontal ground reaction forces (HGRF) are expected to contribute to the increase of the club angular velocity. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the role of the HGRF during the golf swing. Twenty-eight golf players were recruited and performed 10 swings with their own driver club, in a motion analysis laboratory, equipped with a full body marker set. Ground reaction forces (GRF) were measured with force-plates. A multibody kinematic optimization was performed with a full body model to estimate the instantaneous location of the golfer’s center of mass (CoM). Moments created by the GRF at the CoM were investigated. Results showed that horizontal forces should not be neglected regarding to VGRF because of their lever arm. Analyzing golf swing with only VGRF appeared not enough and further technological developments are still needed to ecologically measure other components.

Highlights

  • IntroductionThe golf swing in commonly composed of four phases: (1) the address; (2) the backswing; (3) the downswing; and (4) the follow-through

  • Golf is a sport played all around the world, in which the swing is a key movement

  • Meister et al presented a parameter taking into account the horizontal forces but estimated the moment computed on the center of pressure (CoP) and projected to the vertical axis [15]

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Summary

Introduction

The golf swing in commonly composed of four phases: (1) the address; (2) the backswing; (3) the downswing; and (4) the follow-through. During this movement, the lead side is the closest to the target and the opposite side is called the trail side. The golf swing has been widely studied in laboratory and several qualitative and quantitative parameters were proposed to explain the swing performance, such as the X-factor [1] and the kinematic sequence [2]. To ease the appropriation of those concepts by coaches and golfers, some in-field devices were developed using videos, inertial measurement units, or weightbearing measurement devices such as Kvest or Swing Catalyst

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