Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based proton-conducting solid polymer electrolyte was prepared with a high salt concentration of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) by the technique of solvent casting. From the X-ray diffraction studies, the semicrystalline nature of PVA with the inclusion of NH4NO3 was studied. XRD analysis indicates that the highest ion conductive sample exhibits the minimum crystalline nature. The decreasing trend of Jonscher-exponent with temperature rise reveals that the present system is insured by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The maximum room temperature conductivity was found to be 5.17 × 10−5 S/cm for PVA loaded 30 wt.% of NH4NO3. The ionic transport of the proton-conducting solid polymer electrolyte was studied at the temperature range of 303–353 K. The conductivity-temperature relationship of the systems was analyzed using both the Arrhenius and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) models to explain the ionic hopping mechanism for the system.
Highlights
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are crucial compounds having promising applications for electrochemical devices, such as high powered solid-state rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, chemical sensors, electrochromic displays, and fuel cells due to several advantages over the gel and liquid electrolytes [1,2,3,4]
The structural, electrical, and transport properties of the prepared samples are studied as a function of salt concentrations, frequency, and temperature to expect the possible applications of the system
To set up a series of high salt concentration proton-conducting SPE films loaded with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.% of NH4 NO3, 2 g of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was dissolved in 40 mL double-distilled water separately, and the appropriate amount of salts dissolved in 5 mL were mixed together under stirring at room temperature until viscous homogeneous mixtures were achieved
Summary
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are crucial compounds having promising applications for electrochemical devices, such as high powered solid-state rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, chemical sensors, electrochromic displays, and fuel cells due to several advantages over the gel and liquid electrolytes [1,2,3,4]. SPEs incorporated with lithium salts are prepared excessively due to an abundance of lithium salts, small Li-ion radii, and being lightweight. They are systematically investigated to reveal the possibility of making lithium-ion rechargeable batteries with high specific capacity and high electrochemical reduction potential [7]. Many researchers have already studied proton-conducting SPEs by incorporating ammonium salts to different polar polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, and polyacrylonitrile [11,12,13]. PVA is a hydrophilic, synthetic, dielectric, semicrystalline polymer material at room temperature, which is widely used as a host matrix in the various SPE systems due to its durable polar nature [5,16]. The structural, electrical, and transport properties of the prepared samples are studied as a function of salt concentrations, frequency, and temperature to expect the possible applications of the system
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