Abstract
The present review paper complies the information of Ti and its alloys from basic processing to mechanical properties, along with various microstructure and heat-treatment processes. The basic processing routes and reaction to develop pure titanium from ore is explained. The role of stabilizers on pure titanium and their classifications as α-phase or β-phase stabilizers are explained with the details of respective elements. The various kinds of microstructure available in Ti or its alloys are shown and explained. The microstructure of alloy can be altered with help of processing conditions, composition and/ or cooling rate and medium. The resulted microstructure obtained after heat treatment of various Titanium alloy are lamellar, bimodal, equiaxed, basket-weave, acicular and widmanstätten, which exhibits different mechanical properties. Generally, Titanium alloy with fully lamellar structure shows higher fracture toughness and crack resistance while equiaxed structure shows high cycle fatigue resistance. Cooling rate and cooling medium also results in different microstructure. It was observed that water cooled titanium alloys shows highest hardness due to martensite formation because of rapid cooling followed by air and furnace cooling.
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