Abstract
This paper describes the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the mixed convection in a horizontal square duct with heated and cooled side walls by the three-dimensional numerical analysis. The working fluid is water and the temperature dependence of kinetic viscosity and thermal conductivity of water is considered. The SIMPLE procedure and QUICK scheme are used to solve the governing equations through a control volume. Three-dimensional spiral flow appears along the longitudinal direction of the duct and swirl flow pitch is shortened with increases of Richardson number Ri (= Gr/Re2). The recirculation flow appears on the upper and bottom wall edges near the starting point of the heat transfer section. The size of the recirculation flow depends on Ri and the positions. The pumping power due to swirl flow is about 6-11 % larger than that of forced convection. In addition, high heat transfer and low pressure drop area exists the thermal performance.
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