Abstract

The effect of annealing on the wetting behavior of Bi‐rich intergranular phases in ZnO:Bi:Co varistors was studied. The intergranular phase exhibits temperature‐dependent grain‐boundary wetting, with an average equilibrium dihedral angle of 0° at 1140°C and over 55° at 610°C. The temperature‐dependent wetting may be related to the temperature dependence of the ZnO concentration in the Bi2O3 liquid phase. The effect of the intergranular phase distribation on the electrical properties of ZnO varistors is discussed.

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