Effect of Heat Stress on Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Insights into the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Neuroinflammation-Induced Deficits.

Abstract

Heat stress is known to result in neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and disabilities in learning and memory in animals and humans. It has previously been reported that cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation may at least in part be mediated by defective hippocampal neurogenesis, and defective neurogenesis has been linked to aberrantly activated microglial cells. Moreover, the release of cytokines within the brain has been shown to contribute to the disruption of cognitive functions in several conditions following neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize evolving evidence for the current understanding of inflammation-induced deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, and the resulting behavioral impairments after heat stress. Furthermore, we provide valuable insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation-induced deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, particularly relating to cognitive dysfunction following heat stress. Lastly, we aim to identify potential mechanisms through which neuroinflammation induces cognitive dysfunction, and elucidate how neuroinflammation contributes to defective hippocampal neurogenesis. This review may therefore help to better understand the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and heat stress.