Abstract
Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g∙ai∙ha-1) and application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean. At POST 1, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 controlled volunteer azuki bean 46% - 50% at 1 week after application (WAA), controlled decreased to 16% - 25% at 8 WAA. At POST 2, volunteer azuki bean controlled decreased from 34% - 39% at 1 WAA to 17% - 27% at 8 WAA. A similar trend was observed at POST 3. Halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 reduced biomass 49%, 64% and 69%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST 2 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g∙ai∙ha-1, but decreased biomass 51% at 37.5 g∙ai∙ha-1 and 49% at 50 g∙ai∙ha-1. Similarly, halosulfuron applied POST 3 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g∙ai∙ha-1, but decreased biomass 40% at 37.5 g∙ai∙ha-1 and 44% at 50 g∙ai∙ha-1. There was as much as 19%, 22% and 25% dockage with halosulfuron applied POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3, respectively. Volunteer azuki bean interference reduced white bean yield 40%. Reduced volunteer azuki bean interference with halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 37.5 or 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 resulted in an increase in white bean yield relative to the weedy control; however white yield was less than the weed-free control. This study concludes that halosulfuron at rates and application timings evaluated does not provide adequate control of volunteer azuki bean in white bean.
Highlights
Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] is a protein-rich small red-brown coloured bean (5 mm long) that is widely grown in East Asia, mostly in China and Japan [1] [2] [3]
At 4 week after application (WAA), there was no effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha−1) or application timing (POST 1, POST 2 or POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean
At 4 weeks after POST 3 application, there was no effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha−1) or application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean density in white bean
Summary
Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] is a protein-rich small red-brown coloured bean (5 mm long) that is widely grown in East Asia, mostly in China and Japan [1] [2] [3]. Azuki bean production has become popular among dry bean producers in Ontario as it can bring in up to three times the price of soybean on a tonnage basis [4]. Azuki bean production is so popular with dry bean growers in Ontario that their contracts are often filled months in advance [4]. Most of the azuki bean produced in Ontario is exported to Japan where it is used in confectionery products including pastry, soft drinks and chocolate bars [5]. Azuki bean has a hardy seed that can survive and germinate up to 20 years after seed shed [6]. Studies have shown greater than 95% seed viability of azuki bean after 10 years [3]
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