Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of five concentrations of growth regulator of (0, 25 GA3, 50 GA3, 100 Salicylic acid, 150 Salicylic acid) mg.L-1 and three types of preservative solutions on the vase life and water relations for Gladiolus hybrida L. after cut flower. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment (3×5) according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design, with three replicates. The results showed that GA3 (50 mg.L-1) significantly excelled in relative fresh weight of 155.33%, absorbed water 59.00 g /flower /day, the lost water 32.99 g /flower /day, water balance 26.01 g /flower /day, vase life 16.96 days, dry weight of flowers 22.89 g, and carbohydrate content in petals 22.34 %, and total carotenoids content in petals 7.84 mg/100 g dry weight. The second solution (5% sucrose + 200 mg.L-1 8.HQS + 200 mg.L-1citric acid) is significantly excelled in most studied traits. The interaction treatment that consisted of (50 mg.L-1 + second solution) is significantly excelled in traits of the relative fresh weight 168.47%, absorbed water 66.32 g/flower /day, the lost water 23.39 g/flower /day, water balance 42.93 g/flower /day, vase life 21.25 days, dry weight of flower 26.11 g, carbohydrate content in petals 20.78% and total carotenoids content in petals 10.06 mg/100g dry weight.
Highlights
Gladiolus hybrida L. is one of the most important economic flowers of the Iridaceae family and comprises about 92 genus and more than 260-300 species that are naturally spread in the Central and South Africa region, especially in Asia and Southern Europe, which are monocotyledons, Gladiolus bulbs are an annual summer under Iraq's climatic conditions and can be grown with autumn and spring season, it can be produced throughout the year and cultivated under protected environment conditions, the importance of Gladiolus is a very good cut flowers, it is characterized by a short period of growth, which takes between 75-120 days, as well as multiple flower colors and long-vase life, and for the flowers of some of its cultivars aromatic smell [81,52]
The life of Gladiolus flowers after cut Flowers is affected by the evolutionary stage for flower either when flower cutting or when treatment it by some chemicals materials, including the growth regulators (Salicylic and Gibberellic acid) which delay the senescence of flowers, and inhibition of ethylene action which causes rapid downfall of the petals, growth regulators limit the activity of the analyst enzymes for flowers cells, which enables it to delay the appearance of signs of the expiration vase life such as wrap, shrinkage of the petals and reduce the transpiration rates of petals
As the components of preservative solutions work, especially sucrose, which is the main source of energy needed to continue the life of flowers after the cutting, and citric acid, which controls pH of the solution, which facilitates the absorption of substance solution as well as the role of substance (8Hydroxyquinoline-sulfonic acid (8HQS)), which positively affect in the life of the flowers after the cutting and act as a sterile material that prevents the growth of microorganisms and bacteria and prevent the closure of vessels stem and prevent the transport of water to flower, these materials work together on prolong vase life for Gladiolus [3, 81]
Summary
Gladiolus hybrida L. is one of the most important economic flowers of the Iridaceae family and comprises about 92 genus and more than 260-300 species that are naturally spread in the Central and South Africa region, especially in Asia and Southern Europe, which are monocotyledons, Gladiolus bulbs are an annual summer under Iraq's climatic conditions and can be grown with autumn and spring season, it can be produced throughout the year and cultivated under protected environment conditions, the importance of Gladiolus is a very good cut flowers, it is characterized by a short period of growth, which takes between 75-120 days, as well as multiple flower colors and long-vase life, and for the flowers of some of its cultivars aromatic smell [81,52]. B- Absorbed water (g /flower /day): The absorbed water was calculated by measuring the weight of the preservation solution on the day 0, measuring its weight every two days until the loss of flowers its coordination value and according to equation )10(: Absorbed water = the weight of the solution at the start of the experiment - the weight of the solution in the day 0, 2,4, ... A-Estimate Total Carotenoids pigment in the petals (mg/100g dry weight): Total Carotenoids content was estimated for Gladiolus flowers according to Ranganna method mentioned )21( by using Spectrophotometer device and with a wavelength of 452 nm a-Vase life (day): It was calculated by the number of days from cutting the flower and placing them in preservation solutions until the loss of flowers value )24(
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