Abstract
Control of living cells on biocompatible materials or on modified substrates is important for the development of bio-applications, including biosensors and implant biomaterials. The topography and hydrophobicity of substrates highly affect cell adhesion, growth, and cell growth kinetics, which is of great importance in bio-applications. Herein, we investigate the adhesion, growth, and morphology of cultured breast cancer cells on a silicon substrate, on which graphene oxides (GO) was partially formed. By minimizing the size and amount of the GO-containing solution and the further annealing process, GO-coated Si samples were prepared which partially covered the Si substrates. The coverage of GO on Si samples decreases upon annealing. The behaviors of cells cultured on two samples have been observed, i.e. partially GO-coated Si (P-GO) and annealed partially GO-coated Si (Annealed p-GO), with a different coverage of GO. Indeed, the spreading area covered by the cells and the number of cells for a given culture period in the incubator were highly dependent on the hydrophobicity and the presence of oxygenated groups on GO and Si substrates, suggesting hydrophobicity-driven cell growth. Thus, the presented method can be used to control the cell growth via an appropriate surface modification.
Highlights
Stiffness and high surface energy through bonded oxygen groups have many advantages for various applications, including biomedical applications, especially for cell growth behavior
We report cell adhesion and growth behavior on partially graphene oxide (GO)-coated (P-GO) and annealed partially GO-coated (Annealed p-GO) Si samples that are partially covered by GO films on Si substrates, as a function of incubation time extending up to 48 h
On performing several repeated experiments, we found that the shape and size of GO droplets on the Si substrate were well controllable, and the conditions for spray coating were optimized (Fig. 2)
Summary
Stiffness and high surface energy through bonded oxygen groups have many advantages for various applications, including biomedical applications, especially for cell growth behavior. The GO possesses properties such as amphiphilicity, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and surface functionalization, and has been studied in many fields in addition to biological sensors for gene or drug delivery[23,24]. In this regard, the GO allows control of cell adhesion and allows post-experimental analysis of cells and the drug response[23,24]. We report cell adhesion and growth behavior on partially GO-coated (P-GO) and annealed partially GO-coated (Annealed p-GO) Si samples that are partially covered by GO films on Si substrates, as a function of incubation time extending up to 48 h. Our experiments revealed that the most important factors influencing living cell behavior, including cell adhesion, growth, and morphology on GO-coated Si samples, include the coverage of GO surface on the Si substrate and the hydrophobicity of annealed GO samples
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