Abstract
Recent studies on functional tissue regeneration have focused on substances that favor cell proliferation and differentiation, including the bioactive phenolic compounds present in grape seed extract (GSE). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the stimulatory potential of GSE in the functional activity of undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells. OD-21 and MDPC-23 cell lines were cultivated in odontogenic medium until subconfluence, seeded in 24-well culture plates in a concentration of 2x104/well and divided into: 1) OD-21 without GSE; 2) OD-21+10 µg/mL of GSE; 3) MDPC-23 without GSE; 4) MDPC-23+10 µg/mL of GSE. Cell proliferation, in situ detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein content were assessed after 3, 7 and 10 days, and mineralization was evaluated after 14 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests set at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that cell proliferation increased after 10 days, and protein content, after 7 days of culture in MDPC-23 cells. In situ ALP staining intensity was higher in undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells after 7 and 10 days, respectively. A discrete increase in MDPC-23 mineralization after GSE treatment was observed despite OD-21 cells presenting a decrease in mineralized nodule deposits. Data suggest that GSE favors functional activity of differentiated cells more broadly than undifferentiated cells (OD-21). More studies with different concentrations of GSE must be conducted to confirm its benefits to cells regarding dentin regeneration.
Highlights
Submitted: June 21, 2018 Accepted for publication: December 19, 2018 Last revision: January 14, 2019Pulpal wound healing, including reparative dentin formation, is a complex multifactorial process orchestrated by discrete but overlapping steps of migration, proliferation, and mineralization of pulp cells,[1] formed by odontoblast-like cells presumably differentiated from DPSCs.[2]
A possible alternative is to use extracts from plants containing polyphenols classified as proanthocyanidins (PACs), belonging to a category known as condensed tannins, which are highly hydroxylated structures capable of forming an insoluble complex with carbohydrates and proteins.[4]
MDPC-23 cells revealed a significant increase in proliferation after 10 days of culture with Grape seed extract (GSE) (p < 0.0001)
Summary
Submitted: June 21, 2018 Accepted for publication: December 19, 2018 Last revision: January 14, 2019Pulpal wound healing, including reparative dentin formation, is a complex multifactorial process orchestrated by discrete but overlapping steps of migration, proliferation, and mineralization of pulp cells,[1] formed by odontoblast-like cells presumably differentiated from DPSCs.[2]. PACs are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, mainly grape seeds; they increase collagen synthesis and are potent antimicrobial and antitumorigenic agents.[5] Grape seed extract (GSE) has already demonstrated its biomedical potential for promoting greater dentin rigidity, based on the interaction of PACs with dentin collagen.[6] Castellan et al.[7] have reported that extracts rich in PACs are promising agents in the dental field, because they enhance the biomechanical properties and biostability of dentin. This extract has antioxidant, antitumor and antihyperglycemic properties,[8] making it a compound with broad pharmacological and medicinal properties.[5,9]
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