Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is widely used in oral implants. However, there is still a challenge to promote the osseointegration of bone tissue on the surface of Ti. To solve this problem, we prepared novel gradient nanostructured (GNS) Ti and studied the effect of GNS on the adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis of MG63 cells in vitro. The results demonstrated that the GNS Ti promoted the adhesion effect and proliferation of MG63 cells better than the annealed Ti, while the ability of GNS Ti to inhibit cell apoptosis was better than that of the annealed Ti, the preliminary mechanism of which indicated by this study might be the enhanced mineralization capacity, protein adsorption ability, and hydrophilicity of the GNS Ti due to its specific nanostructure which improved the cell behaviours. The results in this study provide the theoretical and experimental foundations for the applications of GNS Ti in dental implants and joint replacements.
Highlights
Titanium (Ti) is widely used in oral implants due to its nontoxicity, lightweight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance [1,2,3]
The samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively
The results of biomimetic mineralization experiment in this study demonstrated that the surface of gradient nanostructured (GNS) Ti induced the formation of new compounds and formed a spherical coating
Summary
Titanium (Ti) is widely used in oral implants due to its nontoxicity, lightweight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance [1,2,3]. To improve the combination between Ti to bone tissue, a large number of researchers have used surface modification methods to enhance the bonding strength between Ti and bone tissue [12]. Chen et al reported that nano-scale Ti materials demonstrated better biocompatibility than micron-scale and millimeter-scale counterparts, and that the ability of the nano-scale Ti materials to improve osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was significantly better than that of the control groups [14]. Yang et al cultured MC-3T3 cells on micro-scale and nano-scale silicon structures with different surface modifications and found that the silicon scaffolds with nanostructure had better ability to promote MC-3T3 cells proliferation and adhesion than those with coarse structure [15]. Li et al found that the compacts made of carbon nanotubes could promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived MSCs in vitro and bone formation
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