Effect of glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity on carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 in the patients with diabetes

Abstract

ObjectivesIn comparison to the subjects without diabetes, a greater concentration of serum carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA 19 − 9) was observed in the subjects with diabetes. Nevertheless, since the occurrence of abnormal CA 19 − 9 is not widespread among the whole diabetic population, this phenomenon has not attracted enough attention. The prevalence of abnormal CA 19 − 9 in hospitalized patients with diabetes was the focus of our research.MethodA total of 385 subjects with diabetes and 200 controls were enrolled and all had been tested the CA19-9 levels. Cases of cancers were excluded through examination and followup for 1 year.ResultsWe found that the rate of patients with abnormal CA19-9 level was 8.3%. The rate of patients with abnormal CA19-9 level was 14.0% in the HbA1c ≥ 9% group, and 3.0% in the HbA1c < 9% group, 2.5% in the control group. There was no significant difference in the HbA1c < 9% group and the control group. A significant correlation between serum CA19-9 and both HbA1c and total cholesterol was observed, yet no difference in CRP level was observed between subjects with normal CA19-9 level and subjects with abnormal CA19-9 level. However, a significant difference in fasting C-peptide levels was observed between the two groups, p = 0.039.ConclusionThe percentage of patients with diabetes exhibiting elevated CA19-9 level is 14% in the HbA1c ≥ 9% diabetic patients, much higher than expected. The underlying mechanism may be related to islet injury caused by glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Strengths and limitations of the studyWe studied the rate of hospitalized diabetic patients with elevated CA 19 − 9 which were characterized with poorly controlled blood glucose. We found that the elevation of CA 19 − 9 was unexpectedly high in diabetic inpatients without development to cancer. The limitation of this study is that the underlying mechanism is not sufficiently studied.