Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Glutathione (GSH) bio-molecule on the reduction of enamel and dentin discoloration after application of 38% silver diammine fluoride solution (SDF). One hundred and twenty bovine teeth specimens were used. The enamel and dentin specimens were divided into three groups: (1) SDF only (control); (2) SDF followed by application of a potassium iodide solution (KI); and (3) SDF mixed with 20% GSH. Half the specimens were exposed to light and the remainder kept in dark conditions (n = 10) Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer at the following time intervals: before solution application (baseline) and immediately after application, then 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7, 10 and 14 days. SEM/EDS analysis was performed on treated enamel and dentin. Statistical analysis was done using a repeated measures ANOVA test. The spectrophotometer results showed that the SDF group exhibited the greatest color changes under both light exposed and dark conditions, while SDF + GSH group was effective in decreasing the color changes in both light and dark conditions. The SDF + KI group showed an insignificant color changes over time. SEM/EDS analysis showed different patterns for the silver crystal formation in each group (SDF, SDF + GSH, and SDF + KI group). It was concluded GSH can effectively minimize color changes after application of SDF, especially on enamel and to a lesser extent on dentin.
Highlights
Dental caries is a prevalent bacterial, multifactorial, dynamic disease caused by an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization processes of tooth structure
Like silver nitrate and silver fluoride, have been used in dental treatments over many years. Their use commenced with the management of dental caries in deciduous teeth, which progressed as a preventive agent on permanent teeth [3]
Mauchly’s test indicated that the assumption of sphericity had been violated; the Greenhouse-Geisser corrected tests were used
Summary
Dental caries is a prevalent bacterial, multifactorial, dynamic disease caused by an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization processes of tooth structure. It is considered one of the most common diseases affecting humans [1]. Like silver nitrate and silver fluoride, have been used in dental treatments over many years. Their use commenced with the management of dental caries in deciduous teeth, which progressed as a preventive agent on permanent teeth [3]. Being introduced by Yamaga et al, in the late 1960’s [4], silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is one of these silver compounds on which experiments have been conducted with promising results documented in the literature showing its ability to protect against and arrest dental caries [2,5,6]
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