Effect of Glutamine and Proline Spraying on Yield and Quality of Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in one of the farmer’s fields in the Al-Batira area, 20 km from the center of Maysan Governorate, during the winter season of 2022-2023 in soil with a silty mixture texture in order to assess the effect of glutamine and proline spraying on the yield and quality of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The experimental layout was a split-plot R.C.B.D (randomized complete block design). Treatments with sprayed concentrations of distilled water alone (control), 300 mg l-1 of the amino acid glutamine (treatment 2), 300 mg l-1 of the amino acid proline (treatment 3), and 150 mg l-1 of the combined amino acids gluten and proline (treatment 4) were carried out. The second factor is made up of eleven newly created genotypes of soft wheat, including Russian, ACSAD 133, ADANE 99, ACSAD 59, ACSAD 901, Iranian, Wafiya, Jad (German), Jihan, and Bohouth 22. The results demonstrated the superiority of the cultivar Wafia, which produced a mean of 434.73 fertile spikes per hectare and a yield of grains of 7.97 megagrams per hectare. In contrast, the ACSAD 901 cultivar was superior in terms of the protein content of its grains, the moisture content of its grains, and the composition of its grains. Grain specific weights ranged from 12.05% to 12.81% to 80.56 grains per spike on average. The study also showed that the amino acid glutamine, in a mixed concentration of (150 mg L-1 with 150 mg L-1 proline), significantly outperformed other concentrations when sprayed on plants during the elongation and flowering stages, producing the highest averages in the characteristic of the number of fertile spikes, amounting to 434.46 spikes m2, grains number per spike-1 amounted to 78.49 grains per spike-1, and the grain yield amounted to 7.97 megagram-1.