Effect of ginger extracts on colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line in the expression of MMP-2 and KRAS

Abstract

Zingiber officinale Rosc is known as one of the most common medicinal-spice herbs with anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ethanol and aqueous fresh ginger rhizome extracts on some types of secondary metabolites and radical-scavenging activity. In addition, an investigation on ginger extract for the inhibition of colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line was performed as well as studying KRAS and MMP-2 marker genes expressions. In this regard, ethanol and aqueous extraction methods were compared by GC–MS and DPPH trials. Moreover, MTT assay was accomplished for toxicity of Ginger extract at 10 concentrations of (80-100-150-200-250-300-350-400-450-and500 μg/ml) on HCT-116 cell line after 16 and 24 h. The expressions of KRAS and MMP-2 genes in treatment by 150 and 300 μg/ml of the ethanol ginger extract were evaluated for 16 h and 24 h by Real time-PCR. Besides, GC–MS chromatogram detected Zingerone and Gingerol in both of the extracts, more than Paradol ingredient that was only in the ethanol extract. Anti-proliferation screening by MTT assay showed that the ethanol extract can prevent proliferation with IC11Inhibitory concentration.50 = 300 μg/ml. Finally, Real time-PCR showed a significant increase in the expression of MMP-2 at 150 μg/ml of the ginger ethanol extract in 16 h and 24 h. Moreover, the expressions of KRAS and MMP-2 have significantly reduced under the treatment by 300 μg/ml concentration of the ginger extract for 16 h. In contrast, the treatment by 300 μg/ml of the extract for 24 h significantly increased the expressions of KRAS and MMP-2 (p < .05).