Abstract
ABSTRACT The development of technologies will certainly contribute to boost the commercial exploitation and domestication of Spondias tuberosa. The objective of the present study was to identify morphophysiological effects of gibberellin on the growth of S. tuberosa seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Goiás State University, Brazil, using 300-day-old S. tuberosa seedlings planted in 12-liter pots containing soil (Typic Hapludox), sand, and manure (3:1:0.5). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five replications and six treatments consisting of single foliar applications of 30 mL plant-1 of solutions with different gibberellin (GA3) concentrations (0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 mg L-1), using a manual sprayer. The plants were evaluated at 60 days after the applications. The maximum biomass accumulation in S. tuberosa seedlings was found with the use of 415 mg L-1 of GA3. The use of gibberellin accelerated the vegetative growth of S. tuberosa plants and enabled the formation of seedlings with better root system and xylopodium, and aerial parts with greater number of leaves, leaf area, and stem weight.
Highlights
The fruit sector is important to the Brazilian agribusiness; fruit production for fresh consumption and processing industries has continuously grown in Brazil
S. tuberosa is indigenous to the Caatinga biome, which is found only in Brazil; this biome covers 70% of the Northeastern region of Brazil and 11% of the Brazilian territory (LIMA; SILVA; OLIVEIRA, 2018) and is characterized by long drought periods, with average rainfall of 600 mm year-1 concentrated between February and May (SOUZA; MENEZES; ARTIGAS, 2015)
The induction of cell expansion caused by gibberellin occurs through a chemical signaling that causes greater activity of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase enzyme, which breaks down hemicellulose-cellulose bindings and reduces the interaction between these polysaccharides for later action of expansins that loosen the cell wall and move the cellulose microfibrils away for cell expansion (TAIZ et al, 2017)
Summary
The fruit sector is important to the Brazilian agribusiness; fruit production for fresh consumption and processing industries (juices and nectars) has continuously grown in Brazil. Despite the high production of the Brazilian fruit sector, it can still grow and generate even more jobs through the commercial exploitation of native species such as Spondias tuberosa Arruda (NUNES et al, 2018). S. tuberosa is a perennial arboreal species of the Anacardiaceae family; it reaches heights of approximately 7 m and canopy diameter of approximately 12 m This is a xerophilous, deciduous plant that is adapted to hot environments and soils with different fertility levels and has agricultural potential, since it grows well under temperatures between 12 oC and 38 oC and insolation periods of 2,000 to 3,000 hours year-1 (MERTENS et al, 2016)
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