Abstract
Recent studies showed that polymorphisms in alpha 1 chains of types I (COL1A1) and V (COL5A1) collagen, growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) genes were associated with injuries in tendons and ligaments (e.g., September et al. (Br J Sports Med 43: 357–365 2009)). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of injury-associated polymorphisms within these four genes on the mechanical properties of human tendon structures in vivo. One hundred Japanese males participated in this experiment. The mechanical properties of tendon structures in knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured using ultrasonography. All subjects were genotyped for COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, GDF5 rs143383, and MMP3 rs679620 single nucleotide polymorphisms. For COL1A1, all subjects had a GG genotype. For COL5A1, maximal tendon elongation and strain of individuals with a CC genotype were significantly greater than individuals with other genotypes (combined TT and CT) for knee extensors, but not for plantar flexors. For GDF5 and MMP3, there were no differences in the mechanical properties of tendon structures in knee extensors and plantar flexors among the three genotypes. The present study demonstrated that subjects with a CC genotype of the COL5A1 gene had more extensible tendon structures than those of subjects with other genotypes (combined TT and CT) for knee extensors, but not for plantar flexors. The results presented in this study need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of subjects.
Highlights
Recent studies showed that polymorphisms within alpha 1 chains of types I (COL1A1) and V (COL5A1) collagen, growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) genes were associated with tendon and/or ligament injuries (Posthumus et al 2009a,b, 2010; Raleigh et al 2009; September et al 2009)
We aimed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms within COL1A1, COL5A1, GDF5, and MMP3 genes previously shown to be associated with tendon and/or ligament injuries (Posthumus et al 2009a,b, 2010; September et al 2009) on the mechanical properties of human tendon structures in vivo
For COL5A1 rs12722 (T/C), GDF5 rs143383 (T/C), and MMP3 rs679620 (G/A), there were no significant differences in age, height, or body mass between the three genotype groups of each single nucleotide polymorphism (Table 2)
Summary
Recent studies showed that polymorphisms within alpha 1 chains of types I (COL1A1) and V (COL5A1) collagen, growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) genes were associated with tendon and/or ligament injuries (Posthumus et al 2009a,b, 2010; Raleigh et al 2009; September et al 2009). Kato et al (2010) suggested that an increase in range of motion due to static stretching was attributable to a change in tendon, not muscle, stiffness. Considering these points, the mechanical properties, such as. It has been assumed that these compliant tendon structures in excellent sprinters are partly determined by genetic factors This tendency would be found more clearly in knee extensors than in plantar flexors
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