Effect of Gd substitution on the crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility and biocompatibility of nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles

Abstract

This research investigated the crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility, and biocompatibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles for x = 0%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, and 1.75%. The hydrolysis method was employed to produce the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles from natural calcite. The crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and susceptibility meter, respectively. The elemental data analysis presented that the natural calcite as the main precursor contained calcium of 98.84%. Moreover, the diffraction data showed that the increase in Gd content decreased the lattice parameters and crystal volume of the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles. The magnetic character of the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles changed from diamagnetic to paramagnetic as the increase of Gd content. Interestingly, the increasing Gd content enhanced the magnetic susceptibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles. Furthermore, the nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles had an excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the prepared nano-sized Ca10-x Gd x (PO4)6(OH)2 particles open a potency to be applied for biomedical treatment.